Simulation of the Thermal Behaviour of a Building Constructed with Local Materials

Abstract

This study analyzes the thermal behavior of a 25 m² single-zone building in Ouagadougou, constructed with compresed earth blocks (CEB), a sustainable local material, using EnergyPlus simulations. The objective is to assess the impact of CEB on thermal comfort in a hot and arid tropical climate. Results show that 20 cm CEB walls under a metal roof reduce external temperatures by 0.86 °C. Adding a false ceiling significantly lowers indoor temperatures, while increasing the thickness of CEB walls to 40 cm and the CEB roof to 30 cm smooths thermal fluctuations, though it does not achieve the optimal thermal comfort of 26 °C. External insulation of CEB walls with 10 cm of polystyrene results in maximum indoor temperatures of approximately 27 °C, close to the comfort zone, outperforming internal insulation by reducing thermal bridges. An optimal configuration combining 20 cm CEB walls, externally insulated with 8-10 cm of polystyrene, under a 15 cm CEB roof with a false ceiling, enhances thermal comfort while minimizing costs. This research highlights the potential of CEB for designing sustainable, energy-efficient buildings in Burkina Faso, reducing reliance on air conditioning.