Principal Component Analysis for Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Rainfed Shallow Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L)

Abstract

The genetic diversity was estimated using seventy two genotypes of rice in a randomized block design with three replications at the rice research farm of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur) during Kharif, 2019-20 to determine the contribution of fifteen quantitative traits to the total variability in rice using Principal component analysis. In the present investigation PCA was performed for fifteen quantitative traits of rice. All the 3PCs exhibited more than 1.0 Eigen value and showed about 95.00% variability. Therefore, these PCs were given due important for the further explanation. The PC1 showed 77.28 per cent variation of total variation followed by second to third components which accounted 15.65 and 2.05 per cent of total variation presented among the genotypes, respectively. PC1 contributed 77.28% of the total variation and correlated with total carbohydrate, generation of H2O2, days to 50% flowering, biological yield, number of fertile grains per panicle, panicle length and flag leaf area while PC2 explained an additional 15.65% of the total variation and dominated by total carbohydrate, days to 50% flowering, harvest index, biological yield, total number of spikelet’s and plant height. PC III accounted 2.05 per cent of the total variability and correlated with the traits like days to 50% flowering, biological yield, total number of spikelet’s, 1000-seed weight, plant height, harvest index, generation of H2O2 and panicle length had maximum positive contribution Since, a total of 95.00% of the total variation was contributed by PC1 and PC2, therefore, these two principal components can be allowed for simultaneous selection of yield contributing traits in desi chickpea. Genotype usually found in more PC, were CR3933-13-2-1-4-1-2-1, TTB1011-14-171-2-2-1-2-1, TTB1032-45-937-2-3-3-1-1, (Santepheap3/IR49830-7/RajendraMahsuri)-1-3-1, (BR11/IR8041OB)-2-1-1, (RajendraMhasuri/CN1039)-4-2-1, TTB1011-14-243-1-2-2-2-1, TTB1032-45-937-2-3-3-1-1, CR4138-3-1-1, CR4139-9-2-1, CR4139-9-2- and CR4128-9-1-1. Genotypes fall in a common principal component were observed to be the most important factor for seed yield. These genotypes may further be utilized in breeding programmes for improving seed yield and these genotypes can be considered an ideotype breeding material for selection of traits viz. more total number of seed per plant and 100-seed weight further utilization in precise breeding programme.