Prevalence of Vestibular and Systemic Symptoms Post-COVID-19 and Vaccination: Neurological and Sensory Impacts

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a multisystem disorder with increasing evidence of neurological and sensory involvement beyond its primary respiratory manifestations. Emerging studies highlight the vestibular system as a potential target, with post-infection patients frequently reporting dizziness, vertigo, and tinnitus, raising concerns about long-term otoneurological complications. Aims: The study aims to investigate the prevalence of vestibular and systemic symptoms in immunized individuals, analyzing the statistical association between a history of COVID-19 infection and otoneurological deficits. Study Design: Observational, analytical cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Community of Ribeirão Preto/SP, between May and September 2024. Methodology: A total of 387 individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 were included. Data were collected via a structured electronic questionnaire. Inferential analysis used the Pearson Chi-square Test (P < .05). Results: The sample had a mean age of 24.9 years, with 63.8% reporting prior infection. History of the disease was strongly associated with sensory and motor manifestations (p < .05), notably loss of smell/taste (51.8%), loss of balance (8.1%), and dizziness. Tinnitus and dizziness were significantly associated (P < .001) with fatigue (94.6%), headache (87.8%), and blurred vision (18.9%). Conclusion: COVID-19 has a significant impact on the vestibular system. The interrelation with cognitive symptoms suggests prolonged neuroinflammation, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary rehabilitation.