Prevalence, Awareness and Factors Associated with Hypertension among Adult Residents in Lagos: A Population Based Study

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a global public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It is estimated that 75% of the world hypertensive patients in 2025 will be in developing countries including Nigeria. There is need to understand the nature of the epidemic and institute control measures to reverse the increasing tide of the disease in developing countries. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey carried out among Lagos residents between May and June 2012 in four Local Government Areas namely Alimosho, Mushin, Ajegunle/Ifelodun and Kosofe. The study variables were age, sex, occupation, education, marital status, religion and BMI while the outcome variable were frequency of hypertension and mean blood pressure. Statistical analysis included the use of proportions, percentages, chi-square, ‘t’ test and logistic regression using SPSS version 21 Results: A total of 4088 adults aged between 20-81 years (male = 1465 and females= 2623) were included in this study. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 40.9%. Hypertension increased with age in both males and females. Of the 1673 respondents identified as having hypertension, only 316 (18.9%) respondents were previously aware of their diagnosis. Of the 316 known hypertensive patients, only 20 (6.3%) had their blood pressure within the normal range. Age, gender, marital status and BMI were socio-demographic factors associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension and obesity were found to be high in Lagos state. The need for public health actions to avert the consequences of the high prevalence of hypertension.cannot be over-emphasized.