Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetes and Hypertension among Adults (Age Above 50) in Ameke Ngwo, Enugu: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and hypertension among adults Aged 50+ in Ameke Ngwo, Enugu, and identify significant demographic and lifestyle risk factors associated with these conditions. Study Design: The study employed a cross-sectional design. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Ameke Ngwo, Enugu State, Nigeria, between January and March 2024. Methodology: A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 90 participants aged 50 years and above, achieving a response rate of 93.3% (84 participants). Data collection included structured interviews and clinical measurements of blood pressure and blood glucose levels. Sociodemographic information, anthropometric indices, and lifestyle factors. Participants were asked how many cigarettes they smoked a day and how long they had been smoking, and their smoking status was assessed. The number of standard drinks consumed per week was evaluated on alcohol consumption. This was further verified by asking participants to report their average daily hours spent in low-energy activities, i.e. (sitting or lying down), which was defined as < 150 minutes of moderate activity per week. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 55.7%, while diabetes affected 15% of the participants. Additionally, 6.7% of participants were diagnosed with both conditions. Obesity (31.7%), sedentary lifestyles, and smoking were significantly associated with both conditions. Specifically, hypertension was linked to an elevated BMI (p = 0.004) and sedentary habits (p = 0.001), whereas diabetes was significantly associated with smoking (p = 0.033) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.008). Conclusion: The study highlights a high burden of hypertension (55.7%) and a moderate prevalence of diabetes (15%) among elderly populations in Ameke Ngwo. Key risk factors include obesity, sedentary behavior, smoking, and alcohol consumption. These findings underscore the need for targeted health interventions, including lifestyle modifications and routine screenings, to mitigate the impact of these non-communicable diseases in rural settings.