Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Orofacial Dyskinesia in Patients with Psychotic Disorders

Abstract

Aim: To determine the prevalence of oral mucosa lesions, facial movement disorders and the associated risk factors among patients with psychotic disorders and controls. Study Design: A cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: The department of mental health and the General outpatients’ clinic   of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile- Ife, Nigeria. between October 2016 to November 2017. Methodology: One hundred and eighty consenting patients (90 cases and 90 controls) were recruited. Oral mucosa assessment was based on W.H.O guide to epidemiology and diagnosis of oral mucosa diseases. Involuntary facial movement was assessed using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Xerostomia assessment was done by volumetric sialometry. Results: Prevalence of oral mucosa lesions in patients with psychotic disorders was 83.33% while it was 71.11% for the controls (P=0.05). The likelihood of developing oral mucosa lesions in patients with psychotic disorders increased with age (Odds ratio 1.02, 95% C.I (1.00-1.03), P=0.04). Orofacial dyskinesia was observed in 17 (18.89%) of the cases on antipsychotic medications and none in the controls (P<0.001).  The risk of developing orofacial dyskinesia also increased (Odds Ratio 1.096, 95% C.I (1.03-1.16), P=0.003) with increase in age in the cases. Conclusion: Oral mucosa lesions and orofacial dyskinesia were more prevalent in patients with psychotic disorders than the controls. Increasing age was a risk factor for developing oral mucosa lesions and orofacial dyskinesia among patients with psychotic disorders.