Prevalence of Non-strabismic Binocular Vision Anomalies in Myopic and Hypermetropic Young Adults: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Aim: To assess the Non-Strabismic Binocular Vision Anomalies among Myopic and Hypermetropic young adults. Methodology: The Prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the NSBVA among 55 myopic and 55 hypermetropic patients. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee. The study included total 110 patients aged 10 to 35 years, 55 diagnosed with myopia and 55 patients with hypermetropia. Recruited participants undergone comprehensive ocular examination along with binocular vision assessment. Diagnosis of NSBVA was based on normative data and diagnostic criteria mentioned in the Scheiman and Wicks findings. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0. Results: Of total 110 patients, 44 (40%) had normal binocular function while 60% were diagnosed with NSBVAs. Most common NSBVA reported was convergence insufficiency 20 (18.2%) followed by convergence excess 15 (13.6%), accommodative excess and insufficiency 12(11.8%) and divergence insufficiency 5 (4.5%). Convergence insufficiency was the most common anomaly among the myopic group, identified in 14 (25.4%) patients and convergence excess was more prevalent in the hypermetropic group, affecting 12 (21.8%) individuals. Conclusion: The study established that NSBVA and refractive errors are interlinked. Myopic patient had higher prevalence of NSBVA than hypermetropes but the difference was not significant. Hypermetropic patients are more prone to convergence excess followed by accommodative excess and insufficiency, while myopic individuals exhibit a higher prevalence of convergence insufficiency. Clinicians should consider comprehensive binocular vision testing in patients presenting with asthenopic symptoms, irrespective of their refractive status. Early identification and management of NSBVAs can significantly improve visual comfort and quality of life.