Post-renal Azotaemia Secondary to Complicated Chronic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in a Rottweiler Dog: A Case Report

Abstract

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common prostatic disorder in intact older male dogs and may predispose affected animals to secondary infectious complications. This case report describes an eight-year-old intact male Rottweiler that was initially presented with inappetence, reduced water intake, progressive emaciation, dyschezia, generalised alopecia, and painful prostatic enlargement. Ultrasonography at first presentation revealed an enlarged heterogeneous prostate with an estimated volume of approximately 40 cm³, while the kidneys, liver, and spleen appeared normal. The dog was treated medically with finasteride and antimicrobial therapy, but follow-up evaluation was not performed. Approximately three months later, the dog was re-presented with urethral blood discharge, reduced hind limb weight-bearing, severe dyschezia, melaena, marked weight loss, and severe pallor. Repeat ultrasonography revealed marked prostatic enlargement exceeding 80 cm³, a large central anechoic cavity consistent with abscessation, and bilateral renal changes characterised by reduced size, irregular contour, and loss of corticomedullary distinction. Ultrasound-guided aspiration yielded approximately 70 mL of blood-tinged purulent material. Microbiological examination identified Escherichia coli, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated resistance to all tested antibiotics. Haematobiochemical evaluation showed severe progressive anaemia, thrombocytopenia, marked azotaemia, hyperphosphataemia, hyperglobulinaemia, and hypoalbuminaemia. Despite antimicrobial therapy, fluid support, blood transfusion, erythropoietin administration, and supportive care, the dog died due to complications associated with advanced renal failure. This case emphasises the need for timely reassessment, culture-guided therapy, and serial renal monitoring in dogs with complicated prostatic infection.