Plant-Based Phytochemicals as Cardioprotective Agents: Mechanisms and Applications

Abstract

Aims: This review aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).            Study Design: Review-based study synthesizing evidence from experimental, preclinical, and clinical investigations.            Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using published peer-reviewed studies focusing on plant-based phytochemicals with demonstrated cardioprotective properties. Results: Phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and saponins exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, and vasodilatory effects. Evidence indicates their role in reducing atherosclerosis, improving endothelial function, and lowering cardiovascular risk. However, clinical translation is limited due to challenges such as low bioavailability, variability in plant sources, and limited large-scale trials. Conclusion: Phytochemicals represent promising adjuncts in cardiovascular disease prevention and management. Further research is required to enhance bioavailability, establish standardized dosages, and validate efficacy through large-scale clinical trials.