Electronic Devices Overuse and Vision Problems among Medical Students in Thamar University, Thamar Governorate, Yemen

Abstract

Background: Electronic device use has become common among university students and may contribute to Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), particularly in settings where screen exposure is prolonged and preventive practices are limited. Aim: This study assessed awareness of electronic device use and associated vision-related problems among undergraduate medical students at Thamar University, Thamar Governorate, Yemen. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2024 using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Although 263 students participated, statistical analysis was performed for 208 respondents with complete data. Information was collected on sociodemographic characteristics, ocular history, patterns of digital device use, CVS-related symptoms and awareness. Data were analysed descriptively using SPSS version 22. Results: Most participants were aged 20–24 years (73.6%), male (63.5%) and single (93.3%). Daily screen exposure was high, with 66.0% using devices for more than 5 hours. The most frequent symptoms were neck or shoulder pain (61.1%), eye strain (54.8%), headache (48.1%), light sensitivity (45.2%), blurred vision (33.2%), dry eyes (28.4%) and double vision (20.7%). Symptoms commonly began after more than 60 minutes of device use (57.7%) and improved with breaks (82.7%), while 38.0% reported interference with daily activities. Awareness was limited: 16.8% had heard of CVS, 2.4% had received preventive training and 17.8% knew the 20–20–20 rule. Conclusion: CVS-related symptoms were common, while awareness and preventive practices remained insufficient. Structured awareness and ergonomic education are needed for medical students.