Pigmented Rice is a Putative Source of Bioactive Chemicals

Abstract

Pigmented rice varieties have gained considerable attention due to their high content of bioactive compounds and associated health benefits. Unlike white rice, pigmented rice grains are rich in phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, γ-oryzanol, carotenoids, vitamins, and essential micronutrients, which are mainly concentrated in the outer layers of the grain. These bioactive constituents exhibit strong antioxidant properties and play a significant role in reducing oxidative stress, a major contributor to the onset of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, cancer, and inflammatory conditions. Several studies have reported that anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins present in pigmented rice demonstrate anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-diabetic, and antitumor activities. This review highlights the nutritional composition, major bioactive compounds, and potential health benefits of pigmented rice, emphasizing its importance as a functional food for promoting human health.