Phytochemical Study and In vitro Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from Three Ivorian Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used to Treat Inflammatory Dermatoses in the Mé Area, South-East of Ivory Coast

Abstract

Background : Many of the pharmaceutical drugs used to treat Bacterial dermatoses, are becoming less and less effective in the face of bacterial multi-resistance. The search for remedies based on medicinal plants is a necessity in the discovery of new antibiotics effective in the treatment of dermatoses, above all inflammatory dermatoses become very common. Objective : To evaluate the antibacterial power of aqueous and ethanolics extracts of three medicinal plants used in traditional medicine by the Akyé people to treat inflammatory dermatoses. Methods : Plant organs were harvested in the Mé area, dried to a constant weight and then ground to a fine powder.  Extraction was then carried out using osmosed water and ethanol 96° The phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out by colouring reactions. The aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts were tested In vitro against Staphyloccocus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results : The phytochemistry screening revealed the presence of sterols and polyterpenes, polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, quinones and saponosides. Antibacterial tests showed that the hydroethanol extracts were the most active, with Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ranging from (0.048 to 06.25 mg/ml) and Minimal Bacterial Concentrations from (1.56 to 06.25 mg/ml). Of the two bacterial strains studied, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most sensitive to all the extracts. The antibacterial potentials thus highlighted by the values of the ratio between Minimal Bacterial Concentrations and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations obtained indicated that all the extracts showed a high bactericidal activity (100%) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared with Staphylococus aureus. Conclusion : The results provide a solid database for future pharmaceutical research and the development of dermatological treatments derived from natural sources. In addition, this work highlights the importance of traditional medicinal knowledge in modern healthcare and supports efforts to develop effective topical forms of dermatoses based on active plant extracts through galenic formulations.