Physical and Aerodynamic Properties of “Jafra” (Bixa orellana L.) Seeds

Abstract

Jafra (Bixa orellana L.) seed which is also known as a “annatto” or “achiote” at different parts of the world has the various applications as a natural dye, and condiment in food preparations. During the course of its utilization, jafra seed undergoes various processing operations such as drying, cleaning, grading, conveying, soaking, grinding, etc. which need the various physical and aerodynamic properties for its proper processing. Keeping in view of these needs physical and aerodynamic properties of jafra seeds as a function of moisture at five different levels were determined. The physical and aerodynamic properties of the jafra seeds measured were size and shape, thousand grain weight, bulk density, true density, and angle of repose. The terminal velocity (aerodynamic property) was measured and the drag coefficient was calculated. The above physical and aerodynamic properties of jafra seeds were measured as a function of moisture content in the range of 11.71 to 35.08% d.b. Most of the physical properties of jafra seeds were increased with an increase in moisture content in the experimental moisture content range. However, the bulk density and true density of jafra seeds were decreased with an increase in moisture content. Regression equations for various parameters of jafra seeds as a function of moisture content (M) in the experimental moisture content range were fitted. The regression relationships have high coefficient of determination (R2). The physical and aerodynamic property data in the present research will help in design of the processes and process equipment for jafra seeds processing.