Performance of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.) Genotypes for Growth, Flowering, Quality and Yield in North Karnataka Region

Abstract

Successful selection of Zinnia cultivars is vital for enhancing flower yield and quality. Cultivars adapted to local climates show improved resistance to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses, and have stronger stems that tolerate wind. High temperatures in spring and summer favor Zinnia growth, but performance varies by genotype and growing conditions. The present experiment was conducted in the summer (February to April 2023) at the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, Gokak, Belagavi, Karnataka, to identify the suitable genotypes for commercial cultivation under North Karnataka region, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with fifteen genotypes replicated twice. The highest plant height was recorded in the genotype Zinnia Orange King (35.60 cm), genotype Zinnia Double Zahara Salmon and Zinnia Double Red recorded the highest Plant spread in N-S and E-W direction (25.10 cm and 26.25cm, respectively). Dreamland ivory recorded the highest stem girth (7.15 mm), the highest number of primary branches plant-1 (18.10) was recorded in the genotype Zinnia Double Zahara Salmon. However the minimum duration to first flower initiation and days for 50% flowering (14.15 cm and 32.15, respectively) were recorded in the genotype Zinnia Double Zahara Salmon, flower diameter and stalk girth was highest in Dreamland Ivory (7.15 cm and 4.45 mm, respectively) and stalk length and vase life was maximum in Zinnia Double Zahara Salmon (11.15 cm and 7.35 days, respectively), however  Zinnia Double Zahara Salmon genotype recorded maximum number of flower plant-1 (18.05) and Dreamland Ivory recorded maximum Individual flower weight, yield plant-1 and ha-1 (54.67g and 6.07t, respectively). Dreamland Ivory and Zinnia Double Zahara Mix also performed well, making them suitable for cultivation in the region. These three genotypes, with their vibrant flower colors and strong agronomic traits, are recommended for growers seeking diverse and high-performing zinnia varieties in North Karnataka. Studies on pest and disease resistance, nutrient management, and post-harvest handling can further enhance cultivation practices. Additionally, exploring hybrid development and molecular characterization could improve breeding efficiency.