Perceptions of Farmers on Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies in the Low Hills of Himachal Pradesh, India

Abstract

Background & Aims: Climate variables like rainfall and temperature cause physiological changes in crops, thereby affecting agricultural output. The study aims to examine farmers’ perceptions and responses toward climate change in the Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh. Methodology: The study was based on primary data collected from farm households through personal interviews using a pre-structured questionnaire. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was employed for the selection of respondents. Five agriculturally dominant panchayats were chosen from each selected block, and six respondents were randomly selected from each panchayat, resulting in a total sample size of 60 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using statistical and mathematical tools to assess farmers’ awareness regarding climate change and the adaptation measures. Results: The findings revealed that a majority of farmers perceived significant long-term changes in temperature (81.67%), rainfall patterns (80.00%), and timing of rainfall (75.00%). Respondents were found to be highly aware of long-term changes in temperature and rainfall patterns over the past three decades, which they associated with noticeable climatic changes in the region. Farmers also observed several adverse impacts on agriculture, including a decline in crop yields, increased variability in production, changes in flowering and growing seasons, a rise in pest and disease incidence, changes in cropping patterns, and early crop maturity. Conclusion and Policy Implications: The study highlights the urgent need for climate-responsive agricultural policies, institutional support, and farmer-centered extension services to strengthen resilience and promote sustainable agriculture in climate-sensitive regions of Himachal Pradesh.