Patterns of Avian Diversity and Ecological Impacts in Suryapet, Telangana, India

Abstract

Background: Telangana supports rich bird diversity, with 443 recorded species across forests, scrublands, hills, and wetlands, including several endemic and threatened birds that serve as important indicators of ecosystem health. Aim: The aim of the study is to document the faunal diversity across various taxonomic groups in Suryapet district, Telangana, with special emphasis on avifauna. Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in and around Yerkaram Village, which is located in the Suryapet District of Telangana State. The geographical coordinates are 17.2309° N latitude and 79.5707° E longitude; it falls within the semi-arid climatic zone of the Deccan Plateau Methodology: Field surveys were organized along with opportunistic sightings in order to obtain checklists of fauna of the village and around the village during the year 2020 – 2021. Point counts and opportunistic surveys were conducted for recording species present in different locations during morning and evening sessions. Most of the time, the opportunistic observation method was used during the surveys. Field photographs were thoroughly cross-checked with the images available on the online database. Results: A total of 112 species were documented, including 81 birds, 17 butterflies, six dragonflies, three reptiles, and one species each of amphibian, damselfly, grasshopper, moth, mushroom, spider, and wasp. Birds belonged to 17 orders, dominating with Passeriformes, followed by Pelecaniformes. Ardeidae was the most represented family. Under the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, most species were listed in Schedule II, with three in Schedule I. Eleven species were endemic to the Indian subcontinent, and two were Near Threatened. Most species were residents. Wetland and open habitats supported diverse guilds, with abundance strongly influenced by habitat structure, food availability, and seasonal changes. Conclusion: This recorded 81 bird species despite increasing anthropogenic pressures. Dominance of Passeriformes and the presence of wetland birds highlight habitat diversity supporting resident and migratory species. The findings emphasize conservation importance, particularly for threatened species, and recommend continued monitoring, habitat restoration, and further ecological research.