Pattern of Dysglycaemia in Persons with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and dysglycaemia are interrelated public health challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The bidirectional interaction between TB and disorders of glucose metabolism, including prediabetes and diabetes mellitus, is increasingly recognized. Despite this, there is limited evidence on the prevalence and patterns of dysglycaemia among TB patients in Nigeria. Aim: This study aimed to assess the magnitude and socio-clinical determinants of dysglycaemia in individuals with pulmonary TB at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 171 newly diagnosed adult pulmonary TB patients receiving care at the DOTS clinic of UPTH. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained through structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Anthropometric parameters were measured, and glycaemic status was determined using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), applying the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. The relationship between dysglycaemia and patient characteristics was examined using chi-square tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Of the 171 participants, 90 (52.6%) had dysglycaemia, encompassing both prediabetes and diabetes mellitus. The mean age was 30.03 ± 8.89 years, and males constituted 53.8% of the study population. Higher dysglycaemia prevalence was observed among participants with a family history of diabetes (53.8%), those who were overweight or obese (66.7%), and individuals in unskilled occupations (50.0%). Significant associations were found between dysglycaemia and both occupational status (p = 0.0001) and BMI category (p = 0.0001). No statistically significant association was identified with age, sex, or educational level. Conclusion: Dysglycaemia is common among TB patients at UPTH, affecting more than half of those studied. The significant links with occupational status and BMI highlight the need for routine glycaemic screening and targeted management strategies within TB treatment programs. Early detection and intervention are vital to improving clinical outcomes and reducing long-term metabolic risks in this population.