Experimental Investigation of Physical, Mechanical and Wear Index in Polymer Matrix Composites for Potential Structural Applications

Abstract

This study explores the utilization of granite stone dust, a quarry byproduct, as a reinforcement material in polymer matrix composites (PMCs) for structural applications. The influence of stone dust particles on the thermal, wear, mechanical, and physical properties of reinforced polymer matrix composites (PMCs) was evaluated. Epoxy resin served as the polymer matrix, while granite stone dust was hybridized with palm kernel shell ash at five weight fractions (2 wt.%, 4 wt.%, 6 wt.%, 8 wt.%, and 10 wt.%). Both granite dust and palm kernel shells were processed to a uniform particle size of 106 μm to ensure consistency in the fabrication of the composite. Test specimens were developed via hand lay-up techniques. The samples were subjected to mechanical, physical, and wear tests in accordance with standards (hardness test, wear test, flexural test, impact test, thermal test, tensile test, and density test). The stone dust + palm kernel shell ash had superior performance against the control. Results further showed that the five weight fractions compare better than the control across all the properties tested, indicating the effectiveness of the stone dust as a reinforced material for structural applications. These findings establish granite stone dust as a viable, eco-friendly reinforcement and hybrid synergy. Its adoption can reduce quarry waste, lower material costs, and improve the performance of components such as flooring panels, decking, and other wear-critical structural elements, thereby promoting sustainable engineering practices in automotive, construction, and infrastructure development.