Correlation between Vitamin D and Severity of Periodontitis in CKD Patient

Abstract

Introduction: As the disease progresses, chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients become susceptible to a broad range of adverse health outcomes, including periodontitis. Both chronic kidney disease and periodontitis have been associated with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D, known for its role in bone health, also plays a significant role in regulating the immune system, which is why it has been postulated that vitamin D is linked to the severity of periodontitis in chronic kidney disease patients. This review aim to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D levels and the severity of periodontitis in CKD patients. Study Design: A prospective case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine Swaroop Rani Nehru Hospital, Prayagraj, India between July 2021 to June 2022. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 chronic kidney disease patients were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Periodontal evaluation was done and classifies it by using CDC-AAP classification. Cases and control were defined after periodontal evaluation. Blood sample was taken for an investigation like serum vitamin D, serum creatinine, and other markers. Results: Out of 50 chronic kidney disease patients, 40 CKD patients (80%) had periodontitis changes considered as CASES and 10 (20%) CKD patient did not show any periodontitis changes considered as CONTROL. Cases had lower mean standard deviation (SD) Serum vitamin D levels than controls (13.90±8.16 versus 25.71 ± 12.68 ƞg/mL, p < 0.002). Mean Serum Vitamin D of the study population decreased significantly within mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis (p value=0.006). Conclusion: Therefore, it is evident from our study that serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in cases as compared to the control. It is also observed that serum vitamin D levels decreaseas the severity of periodontitis increases in patients with chronic kidney disease.