Overview of Universal Salt Iodization Program as Main Strategy on Combating IDD in Afghanistan

Abstract

Objectives: Iodine Deficiency Disorder among Afghan pre-school children and child baring age women is a serious public health problem in Afghanistan. This study reviews the success, challenge and way forward of the Universal Salt Iodization program in the country from 2003. Methods: Quantitative production data from the salt processors is used. Desk reviews and qualitative information from key stakeholders in the salt industry and policy makers was also undertaken. Results: Currently there are 29 factories of which 9 was donor-funded and the remaining operated by the private sector which produce around 100,000 MT of iodized salt annually. Since 2003 many activities have been undertaken to promote utilization of iodized salt - conducting communication campaigns (TV, Radio and interpersonal), round table discussions to increase awareness and focus on USI, training of school teachers and salt traders etc. The government endorsed a regulation which made the production of iodized salt mandatory. The  ban on  importation of good quality rock salt, low quality of locally extracted rock salt, illegal importation of non-iodized salt under the label of iodized salt from neighbouring countries are the main challenges for Afghanistan to achieve USI.  The coverage of iodized salt increased from 28% in 2004 to 61% in 2008 (National Nutrition Survey 2004 and NRVA 2007/8). Conclusions: The production of iodized salt through USI program is one of the success programs on combating and eradicating IDD in the country, and need more attention on supporting the production, distribution and utilization of good quality iodized salt in the country.