Overview of Risk Factors for Pneumonia Incidence in Acute Stroke Patients

Abstract

Background: Stroke is a cerebrovascular emergency with neurological deficits due to cerebral hemorrhage or impaired blood flow to the brain, ranking second as a cause of global death and leading disability. Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a common complication in the first 7 days after stroke, affecting recovery, mortality, and treatment costs. Purpose of the Study: To identify which risk factors have the highest prevalence in the incidence of pneumonia in stroke patients so that preventive measures can be taken as early as possible. Research Methods: A retrospective descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using secondary data from medical records of 31 patients at Chasbullah Abdulmadjid Hospital in the 2023 period. The variables evaluated included demographics (age, gender), type of stroke, GCS, dysphagia, use of NGT, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Results of the Study: The main risk factors for pneumonia in stroke patients at Chasbullah Abdulmadjid Hospital in the 2023 period were age 60-69 years in 13 patients (41.9%), female gender in 21 patients (67.7%), ischemic stroke in 29 patients (93.5%), GCS score 13-15 in 17 patients (54.8%), not using NGT in 19 patients (61.3%), experiencing dysphagia in 19 patients (61.3%), experiencing diabetes mellitus in 21 patients (67.7%), and hypertension in 23 patients. (74.2%). Conclusion: Pneumonia in stroke patients occurs more frequently at the age of 60-69 years, female gender, ischemic stroke type, GCS 13-15, dysphagia, not using NGT, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension