Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Enterobiasis in Pediatric Populations: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Introduction: Pediatric enterobiasis is a common parasitic infection caused by Enterobius vermicularis, primarily affecting school-aged children. It is characterized by intense anal itching and can significantly impact well-being and academic performance. Effective diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent transmission and minimize reinfections. Objective: To analyze the most effective diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches for treating enterobiasis in children, focusing on minimizing infection recurrence. Methodology: This was a bibliographic, exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data collection occurred between 2020 and 2024, using sources such as SciELO, PubMed, and BVS. The descriptors used were "Enterobiasis," "Diagnosis," "Treatment," "Prevention," and "Children," in Portuguese and English, with the help of the Boolean operator "AND". Results and Discussion: The diagnosis of enterobiasis is widely performed using the adhesive tape test, considered the gold standard for its practicality and effectiveness, with sensitivity reaching 90% after three consecutive collections. Treatment is primarily conducted with mebendazole or albendazole, administered in a single dose and repeated after two weeks to ensure parasite eradication. However, the high reinfection rate remains a challenge, requiring the implementation of prophylactic measures such as strict hygiene, frequent hand washing, and care of the home and school environment. Conclusion: Effective control of enterobiasis requires accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and the adoption of integrated preventive strategies, including health education, personal hygiene practices, and environmental measures. Additionally, treating all family members is essential to reduce reinfection rates and ensure better child health outcomes.