Oral Pathologies Related to Major Mental Disorders: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to analyze, through an integrative literature review, the relationship between oral diseases and major mental disorders, in order to identify interdisciplinary strategies for comprehensive healthcare. Study Design: Integrative literature review. Place and Duration of Study: The review was conducted at the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Brazil, between December 2024 and April 2025. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. The descriptors used were “Mental Disorder”, “Oral Health”, “Mental Health” and “Dental Care”. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 studies were selected for analysis. Data were categorized according to study design, mental disorders addressed, oral manifestations, and proposed interventions. Results: Cross-sectional studies were the most prevalent (n=12), followed by narrative reviews (n=7), systematic reviews (n=6), and one cohort study. Studies published between 1990 and 2024 were found. The most frequently reported mental disorders included depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Common oral health conditions associated with these disorders were xerostomia, mucosal lesions, dental caries, and periodontal diseases. Proposed interventions included preventive measures, artificial saliva use, restorative treatments, and oral health education actions. The findings suggest a strong association between mental health conditions and oral pathologies, often exacerbated by medication effects, lack of self-care, and limited access to dental services. Conclusion: The review highlighted a scarcity of clinical approaches specifically targeted at individuals with mental disorders. This indicates the need for public policies and integrated therapeutic strategies that address the biopsychosocial needs of this population. Strengthening the connection between mental health and dentistry is essential for promoting inclusive and effective practices aimed at comprehensive care and reducing health disparities.