Optimization of Somatic Embryogenesis in a Seedless Grape Cultivar

Abstract

An efficient in vitro regeneration system is necessary in order that biotechnological tools can be successfully applied in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), especially with conventional breeding's limitations. This study intended to develop a reproducible somatic embryogenesis SE protocol and Vitis vinifera cultivar shoot regeneration. In the present study, anther and leaf disc explants of the grape cv. Thompson seedless is used. MS, ½ MS, WPM, and C2D media, each supplemented by varying concentrations of BAP and 2,4-D, were used to culture explants. From anthers, 8.8 µM BAP with 4.5 µM 2,4-D (T3) gave the highest SE response among the treatments. In terms of leaf discs, 4.8 µM BAP with 4.5 µM 2,4-D, namely (T2), was very effective, specifically on MS medium. Compact calli exceeded powdery callus types or watery ones in embryogenic potential. For regeneration purposes, the highest shoot was initiated with 2.2 µM BAP (T3) in anthers and 4.4 µM BAP (T3) in leaf discs; with ½ MS and MS media, it responded best, respectively. Critical influence from explant type, basal medium, and precise PGR concentrations determines SE and regeneration efficiency. These results strongly support applications downstream, like genetic transformation, and also eliminating viruses in the grapevine.