Optimization of Ruscus hypophyllum L. Growth Using Manure and Nitrogen Applications in Subtropical Conditions of Punjab

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of farmyard manure (FYM) and nitrogen (N) on the growth and development of Ruscus hypophyllum L., a valuable cut foliage crop. Study Design: The research was conducted as a two-year field experiment using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.). Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, during 2020-2021. Methodology: The study utilized four treatments: control, 50 g N + 10 kg FYM, 100 g N + 20 kg FYM, and 150 g N + 30 kg FYM. Key growth parameters measured included plant height, spread, stem diameter, leaf dimensions, and number of harvestable stems. Data were collected and analyzed using standard agronomic methods to determine the effectiveness of each treatment. Results: The 100 g N + 20 kg FYM treatment consistently produced optimal results. Plants under this treatment reached a maximum height of 73.34 cm and had a stem diameter of 1.55 cm. Leaf breadth and length were significantly improved, with values reaching 4.03 cm and 8.05 cm, respectively. The number of harvestable stems increased from 16.66 in the control to 20.5. Higher nutrient levels (150 g N + 30 kg FYM) often reduced performance, indicating potential over-fertilization effects. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of balanced nutrient management in R. hypophyllum cultivation. The 100 g N + 20 kg FYM treatment is recommended for optimal growth and yield. These results provide evidence-based recommendations for commercial production, highlighting the need to avoid over-fertilization to prevent reduced plant performance.