A Quantitative and Qualitative Study of Modern Oil Extraction Techniques in Aq Darya Area, Afghanistan

Abstract

The Aq Darya oil field in northern Afghanistan represents a strategically important petroleum resource with an estimated reserve of approximately 22 million tons. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the geological framework, reservoir characteristics, oil composition, and extraction potential of the Aq Darya field. Using a multidisciplinary approach, the research integrates data from geological field surveys, laboratory analyses and structured questionnaires completed by petroleum engineers with academic and field expertise. The objective of the study is to identify the most effective extraction technique tailored to the field’s specific structural and physical-chemical attributes. Quantitative analysis of the survey data reveals a strong preference over 70% of respondents for mechanized pumping methods, citing advantages aligned with the field’s anticline folding, moderate porosity and permeability and relatively shallow reservoir depth. Qualitative input reinforces this general sentiment, emphasising lithological characteristics such as interbedded clays, carbonate strata and gravelly textures, as well as active neotectonics and groundwater conditions that affect operating efficiency.  Alternative methods, including water and gas injection, were also evaluated but generally viewed as less effective due to the reservoir’s permeability and fluid composition. The study concludes that mechanical pumping offers the most technically suitable and economically viable method for hydrocarbon extraction in this field. The findings contribute to strategic planning and decision-making in Afghanistan’s energy sector and provide insights applicable to similar geological environments across the region, where resource optimization is a priority for sustainable development.