Perception of Nutritional Management of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Umuahia North Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Peptic ulcer disease remains an important gastrointestinal condition associated with recurrent symptoms and reduced quality of life. Dietary practices may influence symptom control and patient behaviour, yet misconceptions about appropriate nutritional management persist in many communities. This study assessed the perception of nutritional management of peptic ulcer disease among adult residents of Umuahia North Local Government Area, Abia State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. Data were collected from 384 adult residents using a structured questionnaire that assessed socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of nutritional management, perceptions of dietary practices, and common nutritional misconceptions related to peptic ulcer disease. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: Most respondents were male (75.8%), and the largest age group was 36–45 years (49.5%). A bland diet was identified as an appropriate dietary approach by 75.3% of respondents, while 62.8% recognised five to six small meals per day as recommended for patients with ulcers. Diet was rated as very important by 58.9% of respondents, and 66.7% agreed that some foods can trigger ulcer symptoms. However, misconceptions were evident: 89.6% believed milk was beneficial for ulcer patients, while 79.7% and 93.2% identified spicy foods and coffee, respectively, as symptom triggers. Conclusion: Respondents demonstrated generally good knowledge and positive perceptions regarding nutritional management of peptic ulcer disease. However, persistent misconceptions indicate the need for targeted nutrition education and evidence-based dietary counselling.