Occurrence of Retinal Detachment after Cataract Surgery in High Myopics: A Review

Abstract

Introduction: Retinal detachment may be defined as the parting of the retina from its sensory layer. It is a medical emergency that needs immediate consultation from an expert ophthalmologist. If untreated in the long term, it can lead to bleeding, total blindness, cataract formation, glaucoma of the affected eye, etc. An increased prevalence of retina detachment is seen after cataract surgery, especially in great myopia patients. There are two types of cataract surgery ECCE and ICCE. These two then again decide further. Phacoemulsification has the most chances of RD in the operated eye. According to some recent studies, there is a 2.3 times more increased risk of RD after cataract surgery due to the vitreous loss during surgery and the undue traction on the peripheral retina or if the pieces of capsule accumulate in the vitreous. Summary: Retinal detachment is a medical emergency. Retinal detachment is very common after cataract surgery in high myopics—symptoms include-Flashes of light, black-colored floaters, painless sudden diminution of vision. The surgical management of choice is scleral buckling, usually done under general anesthesia. Conclusion: This review article is made to make sure that the reader is aware of the high threat that the high myopic population possesses about retinal detachment and the further complications and other risk factors, along with the diagnosis and treatment of choice. It also explains different types of surgery available for the condition, and it depends on the severity of the patient which type of surgery to perform.