Trace Element Geochemistry of Groundwater of Winder, Balochistan, Pakistan and its Appraisal for Irrigation Water Quality

Abstract

Aims: The study is aimed to evaluate the concentration of trace elements and irrigation quality of the groundwater of Winder, Balochistan, Pakistan. Study Design: The ophiolitic rocks of the study area upon weathering, contributed a large amount of certain trace elements to the groundwater. Samples of groundwater were collected and analyzed for trace elements. Place and Duration of Study: The study area lays in the southern extremity of 450km long Bela Ophiolite, Balochistan, Pakistan. The work was carried out during 2011-2012. Methodology: Sample collection and estimation of physical properties and chemical composition of water were carried out using standard procedures. The concentrations of trace elements were estimated by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results: The trace elements concentration in the groundwater were found in the range of 8-800 for Zn, 14-107 for Cu, 13-103 for Cr, 32-1814 for Fe, 15-102 for Mn, 01-430 for Ni, 01-28 for Co, 16-139 for Pb and 1-30mg/kg for Cd. Conclusion: The present study revealed Fe>Ni>Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Mn>Cd>Co trend of abundance. Bivariate and ternary plots suggested alliance with the nearby exposed rocks. The statistical analysis of the trace elements data in form of correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA), further verify dissolution of trace elements from ophiolitic and sedimentary rocks. The concentration of trace elements of the groundwater is discussed in relation to biological function in the plants and found within the safe range as compared to the permissible limit for irrigation purpose.