Nutrient Management in Maize and Cowpea Intercropping System: A Review

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a versatile crop grown for human food, animal feed, fodder and industrial raw materials. Being a widely spaced crop, it provides opportunity to accommodate intercrops for optimum use of agri-inputs and profit maximization. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as an intercrop can contribute to income earning and improving soil health through nitrogen fixation and residue incorporation. Additionally, with its vigorous growth and dense canopy, cowpea can help suppress weeds, thereby reducing the need for herbicides. The nutrient management in maize and cowpea intercropping system is vital for ecosystem sustainability, soil health restoration, yield promotion and profit enhancement. In this paper, an attempt has been made to compile research accomplishments on effects of various plant nutrients on crop performance in maize and cowpea intercropping system. Application of plant nutrients at a level above recommended dose performed positively in the intercropping system due to higher nutrient requirement of two crops as compared with a single crop. Suitable management of plant nutrients contribute to overall agricultural sustainability by conserving resources, minimizing environmental impacts and fostering resilience in farming systems. Espousal of integrated nutrient management approaches have the potentiality to augment productivity, resilience and sustainability of maize and cowpea intercropping systems leading to better resource use efficiency and improved crop yield.