Leptospirosis; Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention: A Review

Abstract

Leptospirosis is one of the most common and zoonotic infections on earth, induced by Leptospira genus spirochetes. Although leptospirosis is defined as a zoonotic infection induced by Leptospira interrogans serotypes and characterized by jaundice, high fever and hemoglobinuria, it exhibits a complex clinical picture and difficult to diagnose only with clinical pictures. It could be confused with diseases such as meningitis, typhoid fever, brucella, tuberculosis and pneumonia. Definitive diagnosis of leptospirosis is established by the isolation of microorganism in clinical samples accompanied with clinical symptoms, determination of seroconversion or observation of a four-fold or more increase in antibody titer.