Etiological Factors and Long-Term Clinical Implications of Constipation from Neonatal to Pediatric Populations: A Multicentric Cohort Study

Abstract

Background: Constipation is a prevalent concern in both neonatal and pediatric populations, impacting the quality of life and long-term health of affected individuals. Understanding the etiological factors and the long-term clinical implications is pivotal for effective management and prevention. Methods: A multicentric cohort study was conducted with a sample size of 2,456 participants to investigate the etiological factors of constipation from neonatal to pediatric populations. The study also assessed the long-term clinical implications of the condition in both age groups. Factors were evaluated using chi-square tests, and significance was determined with p-values. Results: In neonates, dietary transitions and feeding methods emerged as significant etiological factors associated with constipation, both with p-values of <0.001. In the pediatric group, dietary fiber intake was found to be the most prominent etiological factor with a p-value of <0.001. Both cohorts indicated that those with constipation had a heightened risk of chronic functional constipation (CFC) and other gastrointestinal disorders in the long run. Furthermore, the emotional well-being implications of constipation were significant in both age groups. Conclusion: Constipation's etiological factors and long-term implications span a range of dietary, physiological, and psychosocial dimensions. Early interventions and a holistic approach to care, considering both physiological and psychosocial aspects, are crucial for effective management and mitigation of long-term clinical implications.