Nephroprotective Effects of Capparis spinosa L. Leaves Against Streptomycin- and CCl₄-Induced Renal Injury in Rats

Abstract

To evaluate the nephroprotective efficacy of Capparis spinosa L. leaves against Streptomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats.  The leaf powder was extracted with 95% ethanol (maceration method) to produce EECSL (Ethanolic extract Capparis spinosa leaves). The extract was tested in rats to determine its LD50 (lethal dose). Furthermore, the extract was subjected to early photochemical evaluation experiments. The extract was next tested for nephroprotective efficacy in a variety of experimental conditions, including streptomycin and Ccl4 in rats. Different parameters in serum, such as urea, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, and albumin, are analyzed using the nephrotic model. Streptomycin, a standard antibiotic, was employed as the reference compound in all models. When the extract was tested for LD50, none of them caused aberrant behavior or mortality in rats, even at the highest dose level of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Streptomycin, EELPN-treated groups were compared to Streptomycin, and Ccl4-induced nephrotoxicity in rats dramatically increases biomarkers such as urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels. Total protein and albumin levels are significantly decreased. The prepared extract brings the values extremely close to normal levels. EELPN demonstrated a much higher percentage inhibition of DPPH and lipid peroxidation scavenging efficacy than ascorbic acid. The histopathological alterations include haemorrhage and tubular necrosis. Were partially or completely prevented.