Comparative Biodegradable Plastics Production from Agricultural Wastes

Abstract

Several environmental issues are associated with fossil based plastics. These environmental challenges coupled with the finite nature of fossil fuels is the basis for exploring alternative methods of plastic production. Recently, starch from various sources such as cassava, corn, potatoes, and yam have been used to synthesize bioplastics. This approach is not viable and sustainable because of cases of food shortage across the globe. In this work however, starch obtained from agricultural wastes such as cassava peel and corn cobs was used for bioplastics synthesis. Powdered coconut shells were also used as fillers and its effect on the qualities of the products were examined. Bioplastics was synthesized from starch obtained from cassava peels and corn cobs alone and thereafter 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% (w/w) filler was added differently and its effect on the products was assessed. For instance, the biodegradability test showed a fast biodegradation of the control samples (C1 and K1) from 5g to about 3g in 12 days and complete biodegradation after 21 days. However, the biodegradation rate declined as the filler content increased, which was attributed to the filler’s tough, fibrous nature and lignin content. Other tests carried out on the bioplastics include water retention capacity, water soluble content test, heat resistance test as well Fourier Transformed Infrared Radiation Analysis (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Overall, the bioplastics from cassava peels has better characteristics than those from corn cobs and fillers at 20 % w/w formed the best bioplastic composition. As a result, could be used in packaging industries when additives are added in the correct and proper percentage. Industrial adoption of bioplastics should be highly encouraged.