Mental Health Literacy and Help-Seeking Barriers among Low-Wage Filipino Migrant Workers in the United Arab Emirates

Abstract

Background: The interplay between community-based mental health literacy (MHL) and the specific barriers faced by low-wage Filipino workers within the unique socio-cultural context of the UAE is underexplored. The United Arab Emirates (UAE), as a major economic hub in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, hosts one of the largest expatriate populations globally, with Filipino nationals constituting a significant portion. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental health literacy (MHL) and perceived barriers to seeking psychological help among low-wage Filipino migrant workers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It sought to provide a nuanced understanding of the cultural, social, and structural factors influencing their help-seeking behaviours. Methods: A concurrent triangulated mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected via a survey administered to 200 participants, measuring demographics, MHL, and help-seeking barriers. Simultaneously, qualitative data were gathered through four focus group discussions with 28 participants to explore lived experiences. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression, while qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Quantitative analysis revealed a significant, strong negative correlation between MHL scores and perceived help-seeking barriers (r(198) = -.62, p < .001). Stigma and financial constraints were the most highly rated barriers. Thematic analysis of focus group data yielded three primary themes: (1) 'Bawal Magkasakit': The Unaffordability of Being Unwell, highlighting economic precarity as a primary deterrent; (2) The Double-Edged Sword of Community, which explores the dual role of the community as both a source of support and stigma; and (3) Faith as a First and Final Resort, indicating a strong reliance on spiritual coping mechanisms over formal mental health services. A joint display of the data demonstrated strong convergence between the quantitative and qualitative findings. Conclusion: The findings underscore that enhancing mental health support for low-wage Filipino workers in the UAE requires a multi-level approach. Interventions must move beyond simple psychoeducation to address deep-seated cultural norms, pervasive stigma, and formidable economic barriers. Culturally-attuned, community-based models that integrate spiritual support and address financial accessibility are crucial for fostering a supportive environment where seeking help is viewed as a sign of strength, not a liability.