Menstrual Disorders and Occupational Performance in Women: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Menstrual disorders are common among working women of reproductive age, that affect up to 80% globally and are increasingly recognized as factors impacting occupational performance, productivity and well-being. In spite of their prevalence, these conditions remain under-researched and stigmatized in workplace discussions. Objective: This systematic review aims to traverse the relationship between menstrual disorders and women's occupational participation, productivity and job performance while identifying workplace factors that mediate or amplify this impact. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using the Garrard Matrix Method. Electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase were explored for studies published between 2000 and 2024. The inclusion criteria is menstruating and working women aged 18 to 60 years as mentioned in observational and qualitative studies to examine menstrual health and occupational outcomes. A total of 7440 records were identified and 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Findings indicate that menstrual disorders such as pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS), dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia are significantly linked with decreased productivity, reduced concentration and higher absenteeism rate. Emotional issues, job stress and insufficient workplace support further complicate the consequences. Conclusion: The evidence proves that menstrual disorders negatively affect the workplace participation and performance of women. Hence, menstrual health must be integrated into workplace health and policy planning. Supportive surroundings, pliable scheduling and routine screening can enhance productivity and well-being among menstruating employees. Further research is required to address existing gaps and expand inclusion of informal workers populations.