Manifestation of Heterosis for Plant Architecture, Yield and Seed Parameters in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) through Half Diallel Analysis

Abstract

Aim: To estimate the extent of heterosis for yield, seed yield, and associated quantitative traits in okra and to identify superior hybrid combinations for crop improvement. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Methodology: A half diallel mating design involving 12 genetically diverse okra genotypes was employed to generate hybrids. Heterosis was estimated for 13 quantitative traits related to plant architecture, phenology, yield components, and seed parameters over mid parent (relative heterosis), better parent (heterobeltiosis), and best parent (standard heterosis). Results: Significant heterosis was observed for most of the traits studied. Maximum positive mid-parent heterosis and heterobeltiosis for fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per hectare were recorded in IC-45831 × IC-43733 (59.00% and 56.10%, respectively), while the highest standard heterosis for fruit yield was observed in IC-45802 × SB-8 (40.66%). For seed yield per plant and seed yield per hectare, IC-43733 × Pusa Makhmali exhibited maximum heterobeltiosis (20.66% and 20.68%, respectively), whereas IC-45831 × IC-45802 showed the highest standard heterosis (10.53% and 10.54%, respectively). Several hybrids also showed significant positive heterosis for hundred seed weight and number of seeds per fruit. Conclusion: The expression of substantial heterosis for yield and seed-related traits, coupled with the predominance of non-additive gene action, indicates that heterosis breeding is a promising and effective strategy for enhancing fruit and seed yield in okra, while also improving the economics of hybrid seed production.