A Review on Biotechnological Innovations in Developing  Stress-Tolerant Crops for  Adverse Environmental Conditions

Rashmi Mohapatra; Heena Kouser H M; Toko Naan; M. Chitra; R. Ashwini; Ankita Rout; Michelle C. Lallawmkimi

doi:10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72200

Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

A Review on Biotechnological Innovations in Developing Stress-Tolerant Crops for Adverse Environmental Conditions

Rashmi Mohapatra, Heena Kouser H M, Toko Naan, M. Chitra, R. Ashwini, Ankita Rout, Michelle C. Lallawmkimi

Journal of Scientific Research and Reports · pp. 901–920 · Published 10 Jul 2024

10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72200

Abstract

The development of stress-tolerant crops through advanced biotechnological approaches is critical for enhancing global food security and sustainability in the face of climate change and increasing environmental stresses. Emerging tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and synthetic biology are revolutionizing genetic engineering by enabling precise, targeted modifications of plant genomes to improve drought, salinity, heat, and cold tolerance. Integrative approaches that combine genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics provide a comprehensive understanding of plant stress responses, facilitating the identification of key regulatory genes and metabolic pathways. High-throughput phenotyping and RNA interference (RNAi) technologies further enhance trait identification and manipulation, accelerating the development of robust stress-tolerant varieties. The deployment of these crops has demonstrated significant yield improvements and stability in adverse conditions, reducing the risk of crop failures and food shortages. Drought-tolerant maize and rice varieties have increased yields by 20-30% under water-scarce conditions, while salt-tolerant rice and wheat varieties have enabled cultivation in saline soils. Heat-tolerant crops maintain productivity in high-temperature regions, and cold-tolerant varieties extend growing seasons in temperate areas. These advancements not only enhance crop productivity but also promote sustainable agricultural practices by reducing the need for chemical inputs and supporting the resilience of food systems. Moreover, the socio-economic benefits include improved livelihoods for smallholder farmers through increased incomes and economic stability. Continued interdisciplinary research and collaboration are essential to fully realize the potential of these technologies in addressing global agricultural challenges and ensuring a stable food supply for future generations.

CRISPR/Cas9 synthetic biology transcriptomics proteomics metabolomics

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Rashmi Mohapatra, Heena Kouser H M, Toko Naan, M. Chitra, R. Ashwini, Ankita Rout, Michelle C. Lallawmkimi (2024). A Review on Biotechnological Innovations in Developing Stress-Tolerant Crops for Adverse Environmental Conditions. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports , 901–920. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72200

Affiliations

Rashmi Mohapatra — School of Comparative Indic Studies and Tribal Science, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha – 751024, India.
Heena Kouser H M — Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India.
Toko Naan — Division of Sericulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Jammu, India.
M. Chitra — Dr. M.S. Swaminathan Agricultural College and Research Institute, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
R. Ashwini — PG Department of Biotechnology, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous), Chennai 106, Tamil Nadu, India.
Ankita Rout — Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar – 751003, Odisha, India.
Michelle C. Lallawmkimi — Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Kolasib, Mizoram, India.

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