Land Value Capture Mechanisms for City Slum Upgrading and Redevelopment in Ghana

Abstract

Rapid urbanization in Ghana has intensified the proliferation of informal settlements. Approximately 45% of the urban population reside in slums characterized by inadequate housing, insecure tenure, and limited access to basic services. This paper explores Land Value Capture strategies as a mechanism for financing sustainable slum upgrading and redevelopment in Ghana, drawing on global and regional experiences. Through a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature, scholarly books, and institutional reports, the study examines Land Value Capture strategies, which include land readjustment, land sales, public land leasing, betterment taxes, property taxes, sale of development rights, joint development mechanisms, and in-kind contributions. The findings highlight the potential of these tools to harness unearned land value increments for infrastructure and housing improvements, yet their application in Ghana is hindered by fragmented land tenure systems, weak institutional capacity, and limited political will. The study underscores the need for robust legal frameworks, transparent governance, and inclusive community engagement to operationalize Land Value Capture effectively. By integrating Land Value Capture into national urban policies and fostering participatory planning, Ghana can address its urban housing deficit and promote equitable urban transformation, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 11 for inclusive, safe, and sustainable cities.