Characterization of Physicochemical Parameters of Groundwater Water from Continental Terminal 3 of the Tillabéri Region in Niger: Case of Certain Villages in the Rural Communes of Dantchandou, Hamdallaye and Simiri

Abstract

Water is an essential element for life and for the real and sustainable socio-economic development of a country. But the insufficiency of water for human consumption can direct the authorities towards sustaining water. This present work aims to analyze the physicochemical parameters of the groundwater of the continental terminal 3 aquifer in order to see especially the quality of these waters, the mechanism of the origin of the mineralization, know the hydrochemical facies and the suitability of these waters for irrigation. We analyzed the water of several localities. The results obtained from the analysis of physicochemical parameters are recorded in high contents : sulfates at the village level are Dey Tagui (270 mg/L), Guilliyeni (300 mg/L) and Boundo (310 mg/L), fluoride contents at Guilliyeni (1.56 mg/L) and Boundo (1.57 mg/L) and nitrates contents at the village of Sini Bangou (53.24 mg/L) are slightly high and finally very high contents of total iron at Datché (1.37 mg/L). The principal component analysis and the ascending hierarchical classification show that the mineralization of these waters would be linked to a slow process which is hydrolysis by water-rock contact, degradation of organic matter, oxidation-reduction and anthropogenic activities. The hydrochemical facies show that the calcium bicarbonate facies and the sodium and potassium chloride facies equally predominate over the other facies. The suitability of the waters for irrigation shows that more than 60% of these waters are excellent for irrigation. The waters of the CT3 aquifer are sheltered for human consumption.