COVID 19 Disease Caused by Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

Abstract

Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large group from the Coronaviridae family that cause a variety of diseases, from the common cold to more serious clinical conditions such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This pathogen, which has a single chain, positive polarity and enveloped RNA viruses and causes bilateral interstitial pneumonia, has been associated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The resulting disease was defined as COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family of β-coronavirus. Studies have reported that SARS-CoV-2 uses membrane-bound ACE2 to access target cells. It is understood that the virus is transmitted from bats to people, from person to person by droplet or by the contact of the sick person with respiratory secretion materials into the mouth, nose and eye mucous membranes of healthy people. The most common clinical findings were fever (87.9%), cough (67.7%), and weakness (38.1%). The exact diagnosis of Covid-19 is based on virus isolation or RT-PCR positivity. The sensitivity of Thorax CT in the diagnosis of Covid-19 is 97%. Most of the treatments applied are symptomatic. Remdesivir, Chloroquine, Arbidol, Kaletra, lopinavir / ritonavir and remdesivir have been proposed as antiviral agents that can be used in Covid-19 therapy. In order to be protected, attention should be paid to social distance, personal hygiene, a healthy lifestyle, a good sleep pattern, regular exercise, adequate and balanced nutrition. Although the outbreak started in China, it is also quite common in Europe and America. As of May 2, 2020, case reports were made from 215 countries. It has been declared as a pandemic by WHO because of its high transmission rate. The situation is of great importance for global public health. In this paper, we have systematically reviewed the SARS-CoV-2 and this report aims to give information about the genetic structure, pathogenic feature, source of infection, routes of transmission, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the virus and to be a reference for future research, measures and treatments. This review aims to investigate the most current trend of COVID-19.