The Geography of Hıgh-value Agrıculture in Türkiye: Regıonal Clusterıng and Market Dynamıcs

Abstract

This study analyzes the spatial distribution, regional clustering trends, and the underlying factors shaping these dynamics of high-value agricultural products (fruit, vegetables, ornamental plants) in Türkiye during the 2020-2024 period. Quantitative data analyses reveal that this production does not exhibit a random pattern but rather a distinct "geographical clustering". Fruit production has concentrated in the TR3 (Aegean), TRC (Southeastern Anatolia), and TR6 (Mediterranean) regions, driven by climatic advantages and irrigation investments. In vegetable production, the rise of traditional grain regions such as TR7 (Central Anatolia) is noteworthy, facilitated by market proximity and modern irrigation. The most extreme concentration is observed in the ornamental plants sector, which is entirely market- and logistics-oriented; 92.7% of production is clustered in the TR1 (Istanbul), TR3 (Aegean), and TR4 (Eastern Marmara) regions. The research emphasizes that while this clustering model provides productivity and competitive advantage, it simultaneously brings risks associated with climate change, water scarcity, and monoculture. For sustainable growth, product and regional diversification, water efficiency, strengthening of the value chain, and the dissemination of climate-resilient practices are recommended.