Evaluation of Selected Biomarkers of Alcoholism among Alcoholics Residing in Diobu Area of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Comparative Study

Abstract

Background: Alcoholism has consistently been a significant public health problem due to its link with progressive biochemical and physiological alterations, particularly affecting liver function and metabolic processes. Aim: This study comparatively assessed selected biomarkers of alcoholism among alcoholics and non-alcoholic individuals residing in the Diobu area of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, using a cross-sectional study design. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study involving 120 participants (80 alcoholics and 40 controls) was conducted. Alcohol consumption data were obtained using a standardised instrument, while venous blood samples were analysed for liver enzymes, serum proteins, and lipid profile. Data were analysed using independent t-test and regression analysis at p < 0.05. Results: Alcoholics showed significantly elevated liver enzymes compared to the control group [AST: 45.6 ± 10.2 vs 22.3 ± 6.5 U/L; ALT: 38.4 ± 9.8 vs 20.1 ± 5.7 U/L; ALP: 120.5 ± 25.3 vs 78.2 ± 18.6 U/L], reduced total protein (5.8 ± 0.9 vs 7.2 ± 0.8 g/dL) and albumin (3.1 ± 0.7 vs 4.2 ± 0.6 g/dL), and altered lipid profile [TC: 210.5 ± 35.2 vs 180.3 ± 28.4 mg/dL; HDL: 35.2 ± 8.5 vs 48.6 ± 10.2 mg/dL; LDL: 140.3 ± 30.1 vs 110.2 ± 25.6 mg/dL; TG: 180.4 ± 40.5 vs 120.6 ± 35.1 mg/dL] (p < 0.05). Alcohol use was more prevalent among males, artisans, and individuals with lower education, with local brews predominating. Duration and daily intake were significant predictors (p < 0.05). Conclusion and Recommendations: Severe alcoholism alters biochemical indices, particularly liver function, protein metabolism, and lipid homeostasis. Routine screening, public health education, and early intervention are recommended.