Knowledge of Risk Factors of Illicit Drugs Use and Its Prevalence among Students at University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

Illicit drugs use is a significant problem worldwide, with substances like cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine causing harm to individuals and communities. The study examined the knowledge of risk factors of illicit drugs use and its prevalence among students in university of Port Harcourt. Rivers State. Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, involving a sample of 360 respondents selected from nine departments using stratified and simple random sampling techniques, from the faculty of education. Data were collected using a validated self-structured instrument titled Knowledge of Risk Factors and Prevalence of Illicit Drugs Use Questionnaire (KRFIDUPQ) with a reliability index of 0.79. The instrument contained 24 items, including demographic variables and 21 knowledge-related items measured on a yes/no scale. Data were analysed using SPSS version 27 employing percentage, as statistical tools. Demographic data revealed that the respondents were predominantly young adults: 50.3% were 18–22years. Gender distribution showed a slight male predominance, with males at 55.3% and females at 44.7%. Academic levels were well spread but tilt toward earlier stages: 24.7% at 200 level. Majority were single 47.2%. The results on the students’ level of knowledge of risk factors of illicit drugs use were average 58.3% (Fair). The 12-months prevalence was 33.4% (120/360). Among users (n=120), cannabis (64.2%), codeine syrup (50.0%), and tramadol (44.2%) were most common. There was a significant association between knowledge of risk factors and the prevalence illicit drugs use (χ² test, p<0.001), indicating a moderate inverse relationship between knowledge and use. Students exhibited moderate, uneven knowledge; one in three reported recent use, dominated by cannabis and non-medical pharmaceuticals. Conclusively, the study on knowledge of risk factors and prevalence of illicit drug use among University of Port Harcourt students highlights the need for targeted interventions. It informs policy decisions and awareness programs to mitigate substance abuse in this demographic. Understanding risk factors like peer pressure and stress can guide counseling services. Health educators in collaboration with the university administration should design and deliver a curriculum-embedded drugs-risk literacy education for all first-year students. This can be included as part of the newly admitted students’ orientation programme. This is necessary for improving the knowledge of the students on the risk factors of illicit drugs use.