Knowledge, Attitude and Practices about Refractive Error among Different School Going Children of Selected Schools of Chittagong Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh

Abstract

Introduction: Refractive errors arise when the eye’s optical system fails to properly focus incoming light onto the retina, resulting in blurred vision. They represent one of the most common and preventable causes of childhood visual impairment. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to refractive errors among school-going children in selected schools within the Chittagong Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. Objective: To evaluate the awareness, perception, and behavioral practices concerning refractive errors among school children in the selected study area. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted, involving 150 respondents. Data were gathered using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews. Results: More than half of the participants (50.67%) reported being aware of refractive errors, with most (38.67%) gaining information from their parents. Approximately 52.5% of respondents were affected by refractive errors, while 52.67% reported having subnormal vision. Spectacles were identified by 52% as the preferred corrective measure. Eye examinations were common among 65.33% of students, and 64.29% had their vision checked regularly. A majority (58%) expressed positive attitudes toward individuals wearing spectacles. The primary perceived cause of refractive errors was the “use of electronic devices” (35.33%), though 32.67% were unaware of any causes. Vitamin A supplementation was reported by 57% of respondents. The most common sources of eye checkups were specialized eye hospitals (39.79%) and private ophthalmic clinics (34.69%). Regarding correction habits, 60.21% wore their glasses consistently, while 38.67% preferred using contact lenses in addition to spectacles. Discussion: The findings reveal a moderate level of knowledge and a somewhat favorable attitude toward refractive error management among students. However, awareness gaps remain, particularly regarding the causes and prevention of refractive errors. Conclusion: The results indicate the need for strengthened eye health education and awareness initiatives to enhance understanding and attitudes toward refractive errors among schoolchildren. Eye care professionals and educational institutions should collaborate to promote regular eye screening and preventive eye care practices. Future studies with larger and more diverse samples, extended time frames, and qualitative assessments are recommended to gain a deeper understanding of students’ perspectives and the underlying determinants of refractive errors.