Strategic Planning of Vegetable Horticulture-Based Food Security to Enhance Local Economic Growth and Regional Development in Deli Serdang, Indonesia

Abstract

The increasing demand for horticultural produce and the strategic role of agriculture in regional development necessitate more integrated and spatially informed planning in agrarian regions like Indonesia. Despite favorable agroecological conditions, Deli Serdang Regency has not fully capitalized on its vegetable horticulture potential due to fragmented institutional support, inefficient marketing chains, and the absence of data-driven zoning. Addressing this gap, the present study evaluates the strategic value of red chili (Capsicum annuum) and bird’s eye chili (Capsicum frutescens) in enhancing local food security and economic growth. This research employs a descriptive-quantitative design integrating multiple analytical tools: Location Quotient (LQ) to assess comparative advantage, Shift Share Analysis (SSA) for competitiveness, R/C ratio for farm feasibility, and marketing margin analysis to evaluate distribution efficiency. To guide strategic planning, the A’WOT method—combining Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with SWOT analysis—was applied to identify priority development strategies. The findings reveal that both chili commodities exhibit strong comparative (LQ > 1) and competitive advantages, and are economically feasible (R/C ratios ranging from 1.57 to 2.13). However, farmers receive only 48–56% of final market prices due to fragmented cooperatives, inadequate post-harvest infrastructure, and limited access to digital markets. The SWOT-AHP framework indicates that leveraging agroecological diversity and consistent yield potential can drive regional competitiveness if supported by targeted institutional reforms. The study recommends strengthening farmer cooperatives, investing in cold storage and logistics, and aligning cultivation zones with agroecological suitability through spatial planning. These interventions offer a replicable model for integrating horticultural development into regional policy frameworks, thereby enhancing food security, rural livelihoods, and climate resilience.