Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease Revealing Lupus Nephritis: A Case Report in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Introduction:  Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a rare and benign condition. It most frequently affects young women. It manifests as predominantly cervical lymphadenopathy. Its diagnosis relies on lymph node histology, which reveals acidophilic necrosis, CD68+ histiocyte infiltration, the presence of plasmacytoid monocytes, numerous apoptotic cells (CD8+ T lymphocytes) with nuclear debris, an immunoblastic reaction, and the absence of neutrophils or eosinophils. Spontaneous recovery within a few weeks is the norm. The disease can be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Aim: We aimed to report a rare case lupus nephritis revealed by Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease Case Presentation: We reported here an observation of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease associated with lupus nephritis. It involved a young African black woman who presented cervical lymphadenopathy associated with hepatosplenomegaly and fever. Infectious investigations were negative. Lymph node biopsy concluded Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. The course was towards spontaneous recovery. Systematic screening showed positivity for antinuclear antibodies, and significant proteinuria. Renal biopsy confirmed lupus nephritis. Conclusion: Lupus with cutaneous manifestations is the most often pathology associated with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease; lupus glomerulonephritis is rarely described.