Anther Culturing a Unique Methodology in Achieving Homozygosity

Abstract

Achieving homozygosity and uniformity has been the goal of breeders for a long time and the task was really time to take and laborious. After performing the selection for 6-7 year breeders were not even confirm about the homozygosity of that genotype. The Double Haploids have made this tedious work easier and more efficient to a great extent. At present, anther culturing is a ground-breaking methodology for plant breeding. Haploids are plants with a gametophytic chromosome number and Double haploid DHs will be haploids that have experienced chromosome duplication. The development of haploids and DHs through gametic embryogenesis permits a solitary advance improvement of homozygous lines from heterozygous guardians, shortening the time required to create homozygous plants in correlation with the current strategies such as quantitative trait loci(QTL) and marker-assisted background selection(MABS) that take lesser time (almost one year) than conventional methods. The anthers of plants are taken and treated with cold temperature. Further, the explant is sterilized with disinfectants such as 70% Ethanol, 20% chlorox and 0.1% HgCl2, dissected in laminar flow and placed on the media. At a specific interval of four-week culture was transferred on the regeneration, shooting and rooting media, and then chromosomes are counted for confirmation. Chromosomes are doubled with colchicine treatment. There are a few accessible techniques to acquire haploids such as Pollen culture, Ovary culture and Wide hybridization of which in vitro anther culture is the best and widely utilized. Final, DHs plays important role in product enhancement through genome mapping, quantitative locus investigation, hereditary manipulation and focuses for genome change programs. This review article deals with the complete methodology of double haploid production by anther culture, its effectiveness over other techniques and its uses in breeding programs.