Effect of Agronomic Biofortification of Zn and Fe on Growth, Yield and Economics of Pigeonpea

Abstract

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is a major leguminous crop providing substantial nutritional benefits, especially protein to millions of people worldwide. However, its yield and nutritional quality are often constrained by micronutrient deficiencies, particularly zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). This study investigates the effects of agronomic fortification with Zn and Fe on the growth, yield parameters and overall yield of pigeonpea. The experiment was conducted through a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and replicated thrice. Agronomic fortification involved foliar application of Zn and Fe at flowering and pod development stages. Results indicated that among different treatments the combined foliar application of 0.5 % ZnSO4 + 0.5 % FeSO4 at flower and pod initiation recorded significantly higher plant height (156.7 cm), number of branches per plant (16.8), number of pods per plant (98.5), number of seeds per pod (5.4), pod weight per plant (128.5 g), seed weight per plant (83.5 g), seed yield (1056 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (2503 kg ha-1) in the fortified treatments compared to the control. Notably, the combined Zn-Fe fortification exhibited the most pronounced effects on growth and yield parameters. Overall, agronomic fortification with Zn and Fe positively influenced the growth, yield parameters and yield of pigeonpea, suggesting its potential as a sustainable strategy to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies and enhance crop productivity in pigeonpea cultivation systems.