Effects of Plant Growth Regulators Including Micro-nutrients on Fruit Set and Yield of Mandarin in Dhankuta District of Nepal

Abstract

The study evaluated foliar applications of three plant growth regulators, viz. GA3 @ 20ppm; 2,4-D @ 15ppm; and NAA @ 50ppm; alone and their combinations including three plant micro-nutrients, viz. B @ 0.4% + Zn @ 0.2% + Ca @ 1% in order to determine the best foliar spray of growth hormones and plant nutrients for the increased fruit set and yield of mandarin. The foliar sprays were applied five times, started from full-bloom until late September (pre-harvest stage). The experiments were conducted in Dhankuta, Nepal during 2019 and 2020. The highest bloom fruit set of 6.1% was recorded at the foliar application of GA3 20ppm + NAA @ 50ppm, compared to the control treatment of 4.6%.    Likewise, there were significant effects of plant growth regulations and micro-nutrients applications on the fruit drops across the fruit growing periods. The foliar application of GA3 + 2,4-D + micronutrients resulted in the lowest fruit drop during the months of June (63.9%), July (65.9%), and September (20.8%), as opposed to the control treatment's fruit drops of 77.6, 80.4, and 41.5%. In addition, the fruit drops occurred at the foliar sprays of GA3 + 2,4-D were statistically at par with the GA3 + 2,4-D + micro-nutrients. Also, the GA3 + 2,4-D + micronutrient spray treatment had the largest number of fruits (995 nos.) and total fruit weight (64.2 kg) per tree, which were considerably higher than the control by 201.5 and 175.5%, respectively. To sum up, a combined foliar application of gibberellic acid, 2,4-D and micro-nutrients is recommended for improving the fruit set, retention and yield of mandarin.